What are the symptoms of a hydraulic pump failure?

Learn about four characteristics of hydraulic pump failure.

1. Slow Operations

When the performance of your pump degrades, that is often a telltale sign of failure. To check for slow operations, confirm the speed or flow of the pump. If the cycle lengths of the hydraulic pump are slower than usual, then an issue within the pump needs repair; otherwise, your system may soon fail.

Your hydraulic pump can be slow because of multiple reasons, including internal or external leaks, low pressure, or high temperatures, which are also signs of pump failure.

2. Unusual Sounds

Hydraulic pumps are often silent unless their components are subject to wear and tear. These unusual sounds can result from hydraulic aeration or cavitation.

With aeration, air contaminates the hydraulic fluid, and as the fluid circulates within the hydraulic system, the constant compression and decompression cause knocking and banging sounds from within the system. In addition, because of aeration, the hydraulic fluid can begin to foam and cause erratic actuator movements, which degrade the fluid and cause components damage from overheating and loss of lubrication.

As for cavitation, the fluid volume demand within the hydraulic circuit exceeds fluid supply, causing a pressure drop past the liquid’s vapor pressure. In turn, the fluid forms vapor cavities that implode during compression, causing a knocking sound. Cavitation results in metal erosion that damages components of the hydraulic pump, leading to mechanical failure.

3. Interior and Exterior Leaks

Oil can leak inside the pump, either through the valves or actuators or outside the pump from a burst hose. When oil leaks, it affects the overall flow of liquid within the pump, which results in a pressure drop in the system. Eventually, the pump will perform much slower, leading to complete failure.

Still, in line with leaks, you may also notice failed seals. The seals keep liquids within the pump to ensure proper flow within the system, but if the seal breaks or you see a misaligned or bent rod, fix these issues before the pump can no longer function effectively.

4. Failing Seals

If your seals continuously leak and fail, your pump may be operating with a bent or misaligned rod. Depending on the extent of the damage, a skilled machine shop may be able to repair your existing equipment, allowing you to get the most out of your equipment and minimizing costs.